The novel presents recurring themes in the author's life, including suicide, social alienation, and depression. The novel, narrated in first person, contains several elements which portray an autobiographical basis but is in fact categorized under the semi-autobiographical genre since the characters in the book are all fictional.
The literal translation of the title, noted by Donald Keene in his preface to the English translation, is "Disqualified as a Human Being".
It is considered Dazai's masterpiece and ranks as the second-best selling novel ever in Japan, behind Natsume Sōseki's Kokoro. No Longer Human ( 人間失格, Ningen Shikkaku) is a 1948 Japanese novel by Osamu Dazai.
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